Physics

Electrodynamics

Maxwell's equations govern every electrical signal in the body. The electrochemical gradients across cell membranes are electromagnetic phenomena. The cardiac conduction system generates electric fields detectable on the body surface as the ECG — a direct readout of Maxwell's equations applied to living tissue. Neural signaling, from the cortex to the peripheral nerves, is fundamentally an electromagnetic phenomenon governed by the cable equation, a simplification of Maxwell's framework for cylindrical conductors.